A Study On Alcoholics Anonymous Essay - 1459 Words

Alcoholics Anonymous has held an almost sacred spot in our society as the way for addicts to get sober through spiritual means, with many people having anecdotal stories and experiences corroborating this belief. To full examine the ethicality of AA, an in depth look at AA is required. A study of its history, a description of the program, the success rates and commonly held harmful beliefs of AA, alternatives to AA, and finally an analysis using Rawl’s Theory of Justice are all required in order to fully judge whether the program is ethical or not. Considering all these factors, AA’s domination of the treatment of addicts and alcoholics is immoral and our approach to addiction itself needs a complete overhaul, with full consideration of science and not spirituality alone. In order to understand AA fully, one needs to first examine its history. Before AA, alcoholics and addicts were treated very harshly. Alcoholics were viewed as morally deficient and lacked the willpowe r to just stop drinking. When asked by an alcoholic whether there would be any hope of his recovery, the psychiatrist Carl Jung responded â€Å"No, there is none – except that some people with your problem have recovered if they have had a transforming experience of the spirit† (Bob P. 1993). Jung was saying that alcoholics are hopeless unless they have a spiritual experience, which he went on to say happened very, very rarely. Thus, alcoholics and addicts were thrown into jails and sanitariums, and were leftShow MoreRelated Field Study At Alcoholics Anonymous Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesField Study At Alcoholics Anonymous On Wednesday March 15 and 22 I attended meetings of the Serentiy Group, a local meeting group of Alcoholics Anonymous that were held at the Congregational Church in East Bridgewater. The meetings started around 8:00 pm and went until each member was given the opportunity to speak, or to share their feelings in some way. There was a total of 15 people present, including myself and my companion. The group was primarily made up of males, there was oneRead MoreCompulsive Gambling Is The Presence Of Withdrawal777 Words   |  4 Pages One aspect common in most addictions and not in compulsive gambling is the presence of withdrawal. Some gamblers do claim they experience withdrawal symptoms. Rosenthal and Lesieur (1992) conducted a study on self-reported withdrawal symptoms of gambling. The study consisted of 222 participants. Sixty-five percent of participants reported experiencing at least one of the following: insomnia, headaches, upset stomach, loss of appetite, physical weakness, palpitations, shaking, cramps, difficultyRead MoreA 12-Step Meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous: A Reaction Paper841 Words   |  3 PagesThe objective of this study is to write a reaction on a 12-step meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous with the focus of the meeting being attitude modification. The meeting attended was the Stairway Group meeting in Decatur, Alabama. The members who attended this gro up meeting were of all ages, of both the female and male gender and were white, black, and Hispanic individuals. The majority of the attendees were males. First Speaker The first speaker at the Alcoholics Anonymous meeting was a woman whoRead More12-Step Research Paper1506 Words   |  7 Pagesnearly all recovery programs still in use today. The program was originally called Twelve Steps for Alcoholics and is now referred to as the Twelve Step Program. The origins of the Twelve Step Program are unique. The Twelve-Step Program was the creation of a gentleman named Bill Wilson. Wilson was a stockbroker originally from New York who moved to Akron, Ohio, in 1935. Wilson was an alcoholic. After his relocation to Akron, he was extremely lonely and his drinking increased; in spite of thisRead MoreAlcoholism and Alcoholics Anonymous1851 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Alcoholics Anonymous Introduction Alcoholics Anonymous is a community of men and women who put across their experiences with alcohol and who support each-other in recovering from the critical conditions that the substance brought them in. In order to become a member, a person only needs to stop drinking, as there are no fees associated with the institution: it is a self-supporting group using its own contributions to function. A.A. is not related to any religious or political ideology, organizationRead MoreHistory Of Organization : Alcoholics Anonymous ( A.a )1691 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of Organization Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) was founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio, and is a spiritual based organization with the sole purpose â€Å"to stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety† threw fellowship. Alcoholic Anonymous (A.A.) foundation is built on a 12 step program that involves taking 12 step that will guarantee your sobriety (according to A.A.) because you start the 12 steps but you never end, it is designed for you to consistently workRead MoreAlcoholism : A Serious Issue1311 Words   |  6 PagesPeople turn to alcohol to escape and not feel whatever it is that they are going through. Most alcoholics drink because they cannot deal with being sober, and eventually they drink to overcome the severe mental craving for alcohol. Alcoholism destroys families, it affects everyone close to the alcoholic in a negative way, and work/school suffers. Relationships suffer due to alcoholism, and often the alcoholic loses family and friends. Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 dieRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Is The Most Common Addictive Behavior1295 Words   |  6 PagesMany have tried to guest and speculate that alcohol abuse is due to many factors that include genetics, social, mental and emotional, and even how people around you raised you. Many also have speculated that people that we associates with that are alcoholics can be a factor also. It can be family and friends, schoolmates, and colleagues. Some also say that it can be due to emotional and psychological disorders such as depression, bipolar, or anxiety are factors of someone to drive to drinking to forgetRead MoreAlcoholism-The Need for Improvement of Alcohol Treatment Programs574 Words   |  3 Pagesteens, college students, and adults. The word alcoholic means anyone who is affected by drinking, and seriously influences or interferes with his/her work, family, or health (Alcoholic. 2009Merriam-Webster Dictionary) Alcoholism is a diseas e, and one of the worst to have. Over nine million Americans have alcoholism (Harris, 2000). Programs, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), have a very high failure rate. About 90% to be more accurate. Very few alcoholics make it successfully through AA, leaving littleRead MoreAlcoholics Anonymous : An International Mutual Aid Fellowship1574 Words   |  7 PagesAlcoholics Anonymous is an international mutual aid fellowship founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio. AA states that its primary purpose is to help alcoholics to stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety. With other early members Bill Wilson and Bob Smith developed AA s Twelve Step program of spiritual and character development. AA s initial Twelve Traditions were introduced in 1946 to help the fellowship be stable and unified while disengaged from outside

Lack Of Racial Diversity And Reverse Racism - 1754 Words

The focus of this paper is on lack of racial diversity and reverse racism in the workplace. My aim is to design a racial justice professional development program for the Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ), an agency that I was employed in as a juvenile probation parole specialist (probation officer). The mission and goals of this agency are to provide appropriate services to juveniles who have been placed on probation by juvenile court or are committed to the department. At-risk youths who have not been placed on probation are also served by this agency in an effort to divert them from criminalistics behaviors. In order to accomplish the mission and goals of DJJ, the agency is reliant on the probation officers and other essential†¦show more content†¦Competency in multicultural social work is critical in advocating for services that clients benefit from and compliance with the standards and code of ethics set forth by the National Association of Social Worker’s ( NASW). Culturally competent social work practice is defined as the service provider’s acquisition of awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society [ . . .], an on an organizational/societal level, advocating effectively to develop new theories, practices, policies, and organizational structures that are more responsive to all groups (Sue, 2006, pp. 29). Social service agencies are not limited to one particular race and it would be foolish to assume otherwise. â€Å"Nowhere is diversification of society more evident than in the workplace, [. . .], the changing complexion of the workplace† (Sue, 2006, pp. 4). A design of a racial justice professional development program for the agency is needed due to the diverse community it serves and the racial diversity and micro-aggression issues currently being experienced in the agency. â€Å"The term â€Å"microaggression,† used in studying cross-cultural communication (Sue et al., 2007), refers to subtle or dismissive messages that express racism, disrespect, or pessimism† (Nemec,

A Critical Research on the Themes of Violence and Drugs in...

Introduction: Historically, cartoons have always evolved along two different paths. Because the potential for silliness, absurdity and unreality are magnified by the possibilities of animation, cartoons are accurately thought of as being perfect for the elastic and growing mind of children. However, because of many of these same characteristics, cartoons have always been seen as an ideal medium for biting satire and ridiculous farce aimed at adults. Today, with the availability of information and media at the most saturated level it has ever been, the line between these two separate paths has become blurred. As a result, there is a sense amongst social critics that cartoons on television are more explicitly stocked with drug use, violence and other adult themes than even in the generation of cartoons just passed. Rationale: Since the inception of The Simpsons in 1989, the first primetime cartoon to achieve lasting success since The Flintstones, it has increasingly become commonplace to gear cartoons toward adult audiences. Evidence suggests that this predisposition is greater now than it was in the 1990s. It is thus that the current crop of cartoons on network and basic cable television are themed in a manner that would be wholly inappropriate for children. Among these, Family Guy, American Dad, South Park and Archer stand out as examples of highly popular, long-running cartoons that are rife with hard drug usage, graphic sexual imagery, extreme violence andShow MoreRelatedReality Televisions Affect on Children2849 Words   |  12 Pages Television violence affects all who watch it, but its biggest effect is on children. Children’s minds are like a blank page, and television is writing violence on that page. Television violence is one of the causes of aggression and violent behavior in chil dren. This problem is not new, but in recent years it has gotten worse. In the last few years, violence in television programs has increased greatly. A study in 2000-2001 compared to a study in 1998-1999 showed violence is, in fact, onRead MoreMedia Role Models and the Effect on Children3275 Words   |  14 Pagesvalue system to the kids through actors, cartoon characters, and even musicians who are puppets in the medias propaganda. They in turn tend to become role models to the kids and can influence the children and manipulate their behavior, their fragile minds, and value system as they try to emulate their Role Models. Developmental psychology and childrens marketing have a long history of close alignment, so media personalities such as actors, musicians and cartoon characters play a major role in shapingRead MoreThe Impact of Media on Children Essay2305 Words   |  10 Pagesopportunity for physical interaction and negatively affects a child’s cognitive and social development by introducing him/her to adulthood at an early age through the constant issues of stereotypes, sexism, and violence that occur within American society. The first two years of a child’s life is a critical time for their brain development (How). Television as well as other forms of media, in moderation, can be an wonderful educator and entertainer for American youth (How). Although, media often gets in theRead MoreEssay on Media Violence in Childrens Lives2588 Words   |  11 PagesMedia Violence in Childrens Lives During the past decade, America has witnessed an alarming increase in the incidence of violence in the lives of children. On a daily basis, children in America are victims of violence, as witnesses to violent acts in their homes or communities, or as victims of abuse, neglect, or personal assault. The causes of violent behavior in society are complex and interrelated. Among the significant contributors are poverty, racism, unemployment, illegal drugs, inadequateRead More Television and Media - Link between TV Violence and the Violence of Children2045 Words   |  9 PagesThe Link between TV Violence and the Violence of Children      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Children watch a lot of television.   TV has even become a babysitter.   There is more violence portrayed on television than in earlier years.   Crime has increased steadily over the years as well.   Many children have been involved in violent crimes in recent years, and there is a link between violence on television and the increase in crime.    As early as 1960, Leonard Eron and L. Rowell Huesmann, researchersRead MoreEssay on Media Influence on Black Children5404 Words   |  22 Pagesbelieved the affect of television on African-Americann children could potentially have a negative influence on minorities’ self-concept because of the way they were portrayed. Blacks faced social, economical, physical and political disadvantages. Even cartoons in the 50’s continued to show blacks characters that were depicted as very dark brown, wooly black hair, large red lips, so large there were disproportionate with the rest of the face, the animated Colored character appeared dim witted and usuallyRead More Effects of Television on Our Society Essays6952 Words   |  28 Pagesideology is a culture that at some level accepts whats being handed to them without examining the messages within. This newsletter is an attempt to examine these messages on a deeper, more critical level. OUTLINE Race Portrayal and Sitcoms Gender Issues Stereotypes TV Families Television Violence Religion in Contemporary Sitcoms Religion in The Simpsons Pop Culture and The Simpsons Race Portrayal on Sitcoms In today’s society, it is safe to say that everyone hasRead MoreEffect of Television Research6869 Words   |  28 Pages15 †¢ Bridge to conversations 15 †¢ Other positive effects 15 1.5.1 Negative Effects of Television on Children 16 †¢ Violence 16 †¢ Passivity 16 †¢ Risky behaviors 16 †¢ Obesity 16 1.5.2 Positive Effects of Television on Society 17 †¢ Spreading Information 17 †¢ Creating Memories 17 †¢ Social Media 17 1.5.3 Negative Effects of Television on Society 18 †¢ Desensitized to Violence 18 †¢ Increased Aggression in Adults 18 1.5.4 Positive Effects of Television on Nation 19 1.5.5 Negative Effects ofRead MoreEmployee Health Safety7648 Words   |  31 Pagesinspections: 26 Research insight: High performance systems/safety: 26 Controlling Workers Compensation Costs: 27 Before the accident 27 After the accident 28 Workplace Health Hazards: Problems and Remedies in Bangladesh: 28 The Basic Industrial Hygiene Program 29 Infectious Diseases 29 Asbestos Exposure at Work 30 Improving Productivity through HRIS 30 Alcoholism and Drug Abuse: 31 Stress, Burnout and Depression 31 Computer – Related Health Problem 32 Workplace Smoking 32 Violence at Work 33Read MoreAlcohol Marketing and Advertising25059 Words   |  101 Pagesadvertisement’s audience consists of adults age 21 and over. Nevertheless, the 50% placement standard in effect in 2001 and 2002 permitted the ads to reach a substantial youth audience. This is particularly significant where the products and some ad themes may be attractive to minors. Although it is probable that some teens drink FMBs, teen drinking continued to decline during the period when these beverages were being aggressively marketed. Self-regulation practices in the alcohol industry have

Roman Architecture And The Renaissance - 1277 Words

Roman Architecture and the Renaissance In the renaissance days, the designers reject the many-sided quality and vertical of the Gothic style for the straightforwardness and balanced degrees of class. Balanced bends, vaults, and the built up solicitations were revived. This reclamation was refined through direct view of Roman leftovers. The renaissance structural planning is the construction modeling of the time frame between the mid fifteenth and mid seventeenth hundreds of years in distinctive districts of Europe, showing a knowledgeable recovery and improvement of specific components of old Rome views on society. Elaborately, Renaissance construction modeling took after Gothic structural engineering and was succeeded by Florid building design. Structural planning remains an important subject to discuss when recorded developments in the time periods happen and the various sorts of craftsmanship begin to move as well. This is especially present in the midst of the tasteful developmen t from the medieval period to the Renaissance where degrees and symmetry are returning musings beginning from generally Greek and Roman times. In the midst of the Renaissance period, engineers, for instance Bartolommeo Bandinelli were known for the staggeringly arranged curves in Florence, which were greater than whenever in late memory effectively experienced. While the outside parts of Renaissance building configuration were astounding without any other individual, within segments wereShow MoreRelatedRoman Architecture And Its Impact On Society1550 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Roman architecture is a thing of the past; however, it still has a large impact upon society today. Roman buildings are what our buildings were derived from, a lot of the art we think of when we see a building was once thought of by the romans, was once built by the romans, and some of these buildings are still standing today, not many, but a few. Now, roman architecture is significant because of how it affected the growth of our architecture, how it evolved changed how weRead MoreRenaissance Architecture Vs Gothic Architecture1390 Words   |  6 PagesRenaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 14th and early 17th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance architecture followed Gothic architecture and was succeeded by Baroque architecture. Developed first in Florence, with Filippo Brunelleschi as one of its innovators, the Renaissance style quickly spread to otherRead MoreIndividualism And Secularism In The Renaissance867 Words   |  4 Pagesthat were introduced in the Renaissance and became fairly popular with the citizens who had experienced this time period. Secularism and Individualism though separate terms have a lot in common. They both have to do with separation of church from daily life. Secularism separating the government, and individualism pushing people to look less at what the Bible said and more at what was relative to their day to day lives. The emphasis on these two ideas during the Renaissance affected the way people wroteRead MoreItalian Renaissance Italy Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesIn Renaissance Italy, new attitudes and a â€Å"new conception of life itself† emerged, deeply contrasting the attitudes and ideals of the previous Middle Ages. The Italian Renaissance, which occurred during the fourteenth and fifteenth century, was a complete â€Å"r ebirth† of Greco-Roman culture and values. Subsequently, it marked an era of great erudition and broad-mindedness, wherein Italians discovered a profound admiration for artistry and philosophical reasoning, leading to a monumental political, scientificRead MoreThe Importance Of Neoclassical Architecture In Europe1077 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Renaissance is studded by the name of the artists and architects, with their creations recorded as great historical events† - Arthur Erickson, global architect and master planner. Throughout the rebirth of Europe, well-known artists and architects with their inventions, documented as great historical events, have benefit the lives we live today. During the Renaissance period in the late 14th century, many cultural and scientific advances were created to improve the development of Europe. ThisRead MoreEarly Renaissance Vs. Renaissance Architecture1502 Words   |  7 PagesEarly Renaissance architecture began in the early years from 1400-1500. During this era, classicism played a huge role in architectural ideas as well as religious, secularization, and humanist influences. This differed architecture from that time period to later mannerist architecture. Mannerism derived from late renaissance architecture and continued through the early Baroque era in the years 1520-1600. The influences that changed the views on early architecture were the Sack of Rome, the CopernicanRead MoreComparison Between Roman And Roman Civilization1622 Words   |  7 Pagesevent was a t Mantua, the picture implied that the event occurred at Rome, perhaps to evoke more strong memories of Roman civilization. The event marked the end of the Hunnic invasion, and represented one of the last moments of pride in ancient Roman civilization (Priore 171). The premise of the entire fresco was based off of an ancient Roman event, following the ever present Renaissance trend of going back to the classics. However, a twist within the painting was the presence of St. Peter and St. PaulRead MoreUnderstanding The Birth Of The Renaissance996 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance is as simple as understanding that the quality of a straight razor shave is superior to that of a commercially stamped multi bladed razor. Looking retroactively at the years leading up to this rebirth one can note the beginning of reflection the Ancient World and the ins-and-outs of Roman culture. Influencing architecture, art, and social construction, a desire for the classics pulled Europe from the slum ping years of the fading High Middle Ages. Actively bringing back Roman andRead MoreArt and Architecture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagesand the Renaissance is most visible through art and architecture, demonstrated specifically through an emphasis on religion or classical antiquity, and humanity. During the Middle Ages, art was more religious because it had a very religious influence from the church having such great power in the community. When the Renaissance started, art became more focused on ancient Greece. The Greek influence was because scholars were broadly studying the revival of classical antiquity. The architecture was affectedRead MoreHumanities Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance and Baroque periods in European history played an important role in the development of humanities in their respectable age. During these periods it established a time of rebirth in humanisms and improvement of cultural accomplishments. The Renaissance period provided artistic freedom and in dividualism. It began around the 14th century in Italy and spread throughout Europe until the 16th century. Renaissance means â€Å"rebirth† and humanism of the renaissance artist was to express themselves

Yeast Fermentation Lab Free Essays

The aim of this work was to identify how sugar concentration does affect yeast fermentation. An increase in sugar concentration must increase the release of CA as a result of yeast fermentation. The following analysis considers the average CA concentrations measured as a result of three independent experiments. We will write a custom essay sample on Yeast Fermentation Lab or any similar topic only for you Order Now In absence of sugar no CA was released. A 5% increase in sugar concentration showed a low CA presence, 0. 33 CM. Then as a result of another 5% increase in sugar concentration it is observed a higher concentration of CA, 1. 1 CM measured. Till then the increase of CA concentration was expected. When sugar solution reached 15% surprisingly the CA concentration decreased to 0. 57. Actually it was expected a relative increase in CA concentration. Later when sucrose concentration increased to we identified an important increase in CA concentration. The whole hypothesis could not be supported as a result of the decrease in concentration when sugar concentration reached 15%. Evaluation: In order to improve this work we could consider the following elements: use more different samples of yeast, in this work we only had one yeast source. It could have sugar concentration was added was not accurate and changes in the temperature could have affected the results. Furthermore the use of pipettes could have been improved during the process of the procedures. How to cite Yeast Fermentation Lab, Papers

Formative Microbiology A case Study

Questions: a. Name the likely microorganism that caused the infection giving reasons for your choice in this specific case?b. Describe the general characteristics of this microorganism and explain why is it different from other bacteria?c. Discuss the virulence factors produced by this organism that are responsible for the symptoms that it produces?d. Name the staining methods used for this microorganism and explain why is heat used to stain this microorganism?e. What antibiotics would be used to treat this condition? Answers: a. The potential causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The reason for identification of this bacteria is the positive result for the tuberculin test. b. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a non motile obligate aerobe that are acid fast. Their cell wall is very unique as it is made up of acidic waxes like mycolic acids. M. tuberculosis is resistant to drying and chemicals because of the ease with which it is transmitted. This organism is different from other bacteria as their genome is adapted to adopt the genetic make up of the human genome and easily infect the system of human leading to fatal outcomes. c. The virulence factors produced by M. tuberculosis are lipids and fatty acids, mycolic acid and their derivatives in the cell wall, PDIM, type II secretion systems as well as the systems of genes that encode for global regulators of transcription and post translational modifications (Prozorov et al. 2014; Forrelad et al. 2013). d. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be stained using acid fast staining. This staining procedure is used to identify organisms that have wax like and nearly impermeable cell walls (due to large amounts of mycolic acid and fatty acid waxes). Heat is used during the staining procedure because it helps the primary stain to penetrate deeply as without it the waxy layer of the membrane would not allow any stain to enter. e. The antibiotics that can be used to function against mycobacterium tuberculosis are rifampin, ethambutol, isoniazid (The Crohnie 2014). Newer antibiotics, known as macrolide antibiotics, are more effective against intracellular mycobacteria than standard anti-tuberculosis drugs. References Forrellad, M. et al., 2013, Virulence factors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Virulence, vol. 4, no. 1, pp: 3-66. Prozorov, A., Fedorova, I., Bekker, O. and Danilenko, V., 2014, The virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Genetic control, new conceptions, Russian journal of Genetics, Vol. 50, no. 8, pp: 775-797. The Crohnie, 2014, Treating mycobacteria with antibiotics, viewed on 17th January 2015, https://archive.crohn.ie/primer/mycodrug.htm.

Building Sustainable Organizations Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Building Sustainable Organizations Analysis. Answer: Introduction The report discusses the HRM practices in an organization through the case study of a hospital which is located in Australia with around 400 staff members. The hospital has its unit across the Australia. The case study discusses ineffective HR practices operating in the hospital administration which have contributed to high attrition, grievances, absenteeism and shortage of staff in the organization. The hospital has been reported to have some serious accidents involving patients and staff members. The case then discussed a contrasting view of another hospital that is effectively implementing HRM practices in its administration through employee engagement activities, HR policies, job analysis and recruitment and selection. The hospital has been reported to have great patient services because of its sustainable management practices and policies. The first hospital discussed in the case reflects ineffective HRM practices which have degraded the quality of patient services and have even led to some serious patient accidents. The hospital only has one payroll department which takes care of the salary of the employees and one HR consultant who conducts weekly visits to the hospital. All the responsibilities of an HR manager have been laid down on the middle managers which has overburdened them. The CEO of the hospital has been overlooking the consequences of this activity of overburdening middle managers. This has resulted in work conflicts, staff turnover and absenteeism. The overall quality of the services of the hospital has also degraded. The hospital lacks an effective communication model, which is taken care by an HR manager. Effective communication is required for assigning roles and responsibilities, boosting employee confidence and evaluating performance of the employee. An effective communication holds an organization together through effective policies, employee handbook, meetings and conferences, performance evaluation, employee engagement etc. Communication helps to transfer the information from one department to other and thus maintains the flow of information through mails, telephones, meetings, documents, employee record etc (Fielding, 2006). It is the role of an HR to maintain an effective communication in an organization which is not present in the hospita l. Employment relations are also not being properly managed ineffective HR policies. Employment relations are required to hold the employees and have good staff retention in the hospital through developing relation between employee and the hospital through benefits and compensation, appraisal system etc (Gardner Palmer, 1997). The employee gets frustrated and demotivated due to work conflicts and situation based problems. They need to be motivated by an HR manager through meetings and other activities. The managers are not even aware that these assigned responsibilities are not even part of their job and get frustrated sometimes which creates absenteeism and staff turnover. This overall impacts employee competence through work conflicts and absenteeism which indirectly affects the quality of the services of hospital and leads to disappoint patient. This spoils the image of the hospital and affects the long terms goals and objectives of the organization. A sustainable HRM model is required to improve the quality of the services of the hospital (Wolper, 2004). The CEO of the hospital needs to review the performance of the hospital in order to build a sustainable business model. He needs to understand that an HR consultant is not enough while considering the long term goals and objectives of the organization. The patient care and safety are one of the essential components for a successful running hospital which are not as per the norms of a hospital. The severe accidents may increase in the future and may have disastrous consequences on the operational system of hospital. The CEO needs to develop a sustainable HRM model in order to achieve the long term goals and objectives of the hospital (Wolper, 2004). CEO would have to create an effective HR department and ensure proper implementation of the HR policies and practices. He could have a look at the HRM model of other successfully running hospital as mentioned in the case study. The hospital has a proper HR department which has led to quality services to the hospital through its staff retention and employee engagement. Thus, CEO should plan to develop an HRM model in the hospital by considering the following roles and responsibilities of an HR department and should hire an HR manager who could assist him in other recruits for the department. Recruitment and Selection The HR manager is responsible for hiring the suitable employees as per the needs and requirement of the job profile in the organization. Employees are recruited through different channels such as newspaper ads, online ads, networking, telephone etc. It is the responsibility of an HR to use the right channel for selection (Brinkerhoff Goldsmith, 1992). Induction and Training When a new employee gets hired and joins the organization, he needs to be well versed about the organization and his duties and job role. The HR manager guides and instructs the employee through an induction and training program regarding what he would be expected to do through employee handbook, job description, company policy manual and training and mentoring. He also checks all the required documents of the employee such as id proof, degrees etc (Brinkerhoff Goldsmith, 1992). Rules and Regulations It is the duty of an HR manager to ensure that hospital complies with the rules and regulations of the government through his legal research expertise on hospital. The hospital must abide by the laws as prescribed by the government which may include recruitment contracts with the medical practitioners. Then there are employee contracts which should be very well documented (Brinkerhoff Goldsmith, 1992). Employee Management It is the duty of an HR to control and monitor the performance of an employee through employee engagement, resolving work conflict, handling grievances, appraisal system etc. The employee performance is responsible for quality of the services of a hospital. An HR boosts the confidence of employees through different activities and ensures smooth operational activities in an organization (Wolper, 2004). Decision-Making An HR manager is also involved in core team of a hospital and helps in building strategies in alignment with the goals and objectives of the organization. An HR manager acts as an intermediate between the employees and the hospital and thus, helps to resolve employee issues and concerns through proper planning and devising solution (Evans, 1990). Training and Development Training and development is a very crucial element to develop a sustainable business model in hospital industry. It ensures quality services and equipping the staff with latest technology and practices in the market. It is the duty of an HR to conduct regular training in the hospital such as handling patient effectively, being polite to the patient etc. Thus way training improves the quality standard of a hospital (Savage, Fottler Khatri, 2010). Administration and Management HR is responsible for running operations of a hospital smoothly and effective administration is the core element of HRM in hospital. The responsibilities may vary from hospital to hospital (Fried, Fottler Johnson, 2005). Studying the above roles and responsibilities, it can be evaluated that an HR plays a very important role in effective delivery of services and ensuring quality patient care. Further, the report would discuss the ways to develop a sustainable HRM model in a hospital and its consequences. A sustainable HRM model consists of six elements which would be discussed one by one below: HR Management Systems: It ensures that the operational activities are being maintained in an organization through integration of data, staffing and placement and employee support system. The data is helpful is evaluating the performance of the employees and provides employee feedback and coaching and mentoring to the employees if required. This would improve overall work productivity of the hospital through an effective appraisal system and policies and measures (Evans, 1990). Leadership: Employees look for continuous guidance and instructions from their superiors to make sure that their work is in alignment with the goals and objectives of the hospital. HR manager would make sure that the employees are fully aware of their job profile and expected results through intensive planning and organizing. Their involvement in the decision making process ensures that the hospitals planning, budgeting and organizing considers the issues and concerns raised by the employees. Thus, an HR ensures that there is continuous involvement of stakeholders in the decision making process (Evans, 1990). Partnership: A hospital must ensure that there is proper planning, organizing and optimum utilization of the resources. Partnership is a way to hold the stakeholders and direct them towards a common goal and objective of the organization (Evans, 1990). Finance: Employees need motivation in order to increase their work productivity which can be ensured through timely incentives and a properly defined salary structure for an employee. The salary package of an employee must be defined in advance so that he is aware about his benefits which may include education, medical, allowances etc (Evans, 1990). Education: Employees look for their career advancement and growth in an organization. Education would motivate them and would also help to increase the work productivity of a hospital (Evans, 1990). Policy: An organization must have effective policies to ensure discipline in the system. An employee must abide by the rules and regulations of an organization so as to align with the goals and objectives of the hospital (Evans, 1990). Thus, a sustainable framework can be ensured through following approaches: Focusing on result oriented practices Involvement of Stakeholders in the decision making process Continuous learning through training and development Working on new strategies and approaches Building a Sustainable HRM Model A sustainable HRM model would involve four steps which are as follows: Purpose: The purpose is analyse the current situation which can be done through various methods such as taking feedback from the stakeholders, reviewing the records and documents etc. In the case study, CEO must identify the key stakeholders first and then analyse the complete situation through the inputs received from the stakeholders (Savage, Fottler Khatri, 2010). The process can be carried out through a meeting with the key stakeholders, reviewing the existing HR documents which can be collected from HR consultant and payroll manager. This would help in identifying the root cause of the problem (Savage, Fottler Khatri, 2010). Purpose: Once the inputs have been received from the previous step, this step would define the actions required to be taken. This would be carried out through prioritizing the actions which are necessary in the current scenario. The planning would involve cost calculation for the implementation of those actions and the consequences the actions would have on the hospital (Savage, Fottler Khatri, 2010). Purpose: The most critical part of building HRM model is the execution of the planned layout and most of the organizations fail at the execution level. Thus, a leader must ensure that the roles and responsibilities are properly allocated to the respective departments and employees so as to ensure that an effective implementation is being carried out (Savage, Fottler Khatri, 2010). Thus, the phase would involve planning the execution though funding, allocating the responsibilities and budget planning for the action plan. Purpose: It is very important to measure the success of plan that has been executed and evaluate the process of implementation. Monitoring and controlling helps to determine the milestone achieved and helps in future planning (Savage, Fottler Khatri, 2010). The process involves analyzing the key stakeholders who would decide the factors for monitoring and evaluating the execution. The roles and responsibilities of the employees must be clearly defined (Savage, Fottler Khatri, 2010). Consequences of Building a Sustainable HRM Framework Developing a sustainable business model for any organization is a challenging task and requires the contribution of all the stakeholders of an organization. But, once the framework is being developed, it would have great results in terms of employee commitment and improve the service quality of the hospital. Effective Communication: Communication helps in constant flow of information in an organization. An effective communication is required in an organization to keep the employees updated regarding their roles and responsibilities. The HR manager would ensure an effective communication in the organization (Zelles, 2012). Performance Management: Performance management must be evaluated on a regular basis in an organization. Effective HR policies would help to evaluate the performance of an employee (Niles, 2012). Employment Relations: An organization must ensure that the employees are satisfied with their job role to maintain employment relations. An HR manager acts as an intermediate between the organization and the employee to build trust and loyalty among the employees which helps to increase the work productivity (Zelles, 2012). Recommendations Thus, a sustainable HRM Model is crucial for an organization to ensure employee commitment and quality services. The recommendations for the CEO of the hospital are as follows: The CEO must perform a situational analysis so as to devise a solution for current existing scenario (Niles, 2012). An execution plan must be laid to build an HRM model which would make use of the six components as discussed. A proper execution then must carried with continuous monitoring and evaluation (Zelles, 2012). Conclusion The report has analyzed the case study and the measures required to be taken in order to devise a solution for the same. The discussion has involved the steps that CEO needs to consider to build a sustainable HRM Model for his hospital to improve the quality of the services. Most importantly, a sustainable model requires a great leader, HR management systems, effective HR policies and involvement of key stakeholders in the decision making process. List of References Gardner, M Palmer, G. (1997). Employment Relations:Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management in Australia. 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